Ultrasonic Testing (UT) utilizes specific techniques for different forging geometries to ensure effective defect detection. YUSHI YUT Series Ultrasonic Flaw Detectors can detect the tiny detection with various probes. The following methods are standardized for common types of forgings.

For Shaft Forgings

Longitudinal Wave (Straight Beam Probe):

Applied axially in the circumferential direction of the shaft and at the end faces. For very long shafts, axial scanning from the end face is usually omitted or limited to the portion near the end face; circumferential scanning is primary. Shafts with center holes are tested circumferentially only.

Shear Wave (Angle Beam probe):

Circumferential Scan:Usually not be supposed. If it is used, scanning must be done in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions. Most importantly, this method can only detect defects near the outer surface; internal defects remain undetectable.

Axial scanning: It's essential. Scanning in both axial and counter-axial directions allows the entire cross-section to be inspected. This scan must cover a circumference of at least 180°.

Parallel-sided and Disk Forgings

These forgings use longitudinal waves scanned from two parallel sides. For thicker parts, additional scanning from the side (perpendicular to the thickness direction) is required.

Bowl-Shaped Forgings

The test uses longitudinal waves. The probe may be placed on either the concave or convex side for scanning.

Cylindrical Forgings

1.Longitudinal waves:

Single crystal probes: For external cylindrical surfaces, internal bore faces and end faces. When scanning from the end face, the effective detection length depends on the sensitivity and is usually limited to 500-800 mm. For very long cylinders, end face scanning is generally avoided.

Dual Crystal (TR) Probes: For use on external and internal cylindrical surfaces.

2.Shear wave (angle beam probe):

Axial scanning: Scanning in both positive and negative directions along the axis.

Circumferential Scan: Scans clockwise and counterclockwise around the circumference.

Critical Limitations: Circumferential scanning is not available for sections with wall thickness to outside diameter (T/D) ratios greater than 0.226. In these thicker sections, pure shear waves do not propagate efficiently and do not adequately inspect the material.